1. Date of Agreement

Legal Title: Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of Finland for Air Services between and Beyond their Respective Territories

May 28, 1990 Agreement signed.

June 27, 1990 Applied provisionally

February 21, 1992 Entered into force.

2. Other Instruments

July 22, 1977	Agreement on Exchange of Statistics.
October 5, 1988	Designation of Finnair
March 26, 1991	Exchange of Notes (Canada designates Air Canada).
September 2, 1991 and January 22, 1992	Exchange of Notes (Entry into Force).
May 14, 24 and 27, 1999	Agreed Minute and Exchange of Notes (Finland and Canada agree to apply provisionally the modifications to the Agreement re: tariffs, ground handling, capacity, and new codeshare routes)
September 1, 1999	Exchange of Notes (Modifications made to the Agreement on May 14, 1999 came into force)

3. Characterization of Bilateral Agreement

A. Grant of Rights:	all except as otherwise specified in the Annex.
B. Designation:	multiple, Air Canada and Finnair.
C. Tariffs:	double disapproval.
D. Capacity:	Free determination on third and fourth freedom services, pre-determination on fifth freedom services. Codeshare: - no limitation on capacity.

4. Routes and Associated Rights

FINLAND

Points of Origin	Intermediate Points (1)(2)(3)	Points in Canada(5)	Points Beyond (1)(2)(3)(6)
Finland	One point in Europe to be named by Finland	Montreal(4), Toronto(7)	One point to be named by Finland

(1) No 5th Freedom rights shall be available at any intermediate or beyond point.

(2) Any point or points may, at the option of the designated airline or airlines, be omitted on any or all flights provided that all services originate or terminate in Finland.

(3) The intermediate and beyond point to be named by Finland may be changed upon sixty (60) days' notice to the aeronautical authorities of Canada.

(4) Intransit rights shall be available at the intermediate and beyond point for services to and from Montreal only.

(5) Montreal and Toronto may be served on the same flight or separately. Toronto may not be served on any flight serving the intermediate and/or beyond point.

(6) The beyond point may be served as an intermediate point.

(7) Service to Toronto shall be at times of the day and at a terminal building acceptable to the management of Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Code-share services only

Code sharing services may be provided on the following route in either or both directions by the airline or airlines designated by the Government of Finland:

Points in Finland	Intermediate Points	Points in Canada	Points Beyond
Any point or points	Any point or points	Any point or points	Any point or points

1. Subject to the regulatory requirements normally applied by the aeronautical authorities of Canada, the designated airline or airlines of Finland shall have the right to enter into cooperative arrangements for the purpose of operating agreed services by code sharing, that is, selling transportation under its/their own code on flights operated by the designated airline or airlines of Canada and/or on flights operated by any third country airline(s). Such operations on agreed services may include the selling of transportation on domestic flights in Canada operated by any designated airline or airlines of Canada. All airlines involved in code sharing arrangements shall hold the appropriate underlying authority.

2. Notwithstanding Article III of the Agreement, the designated airline or airlines of Finland shall be permitted to transfer traffic between aircraft involved in code sharing operations without restriction as to number, size and type of aircraft.

3. Notwithstanding Article XI, paragraph 5 of the Agreement, there shall be no limitation on capacity, i.e., frequency and type of aircraft, offered on code share services by the airline or airlines designated by the Government of Finland.

4. Fifth freedom rights shall not be exercised by a designated airline on flights on which that airline operates a code share service. Intransit rights shall be available at Intermediate Points and at Points in Canada. Own stopover rights shall be available at Intermediate Points.

5. Any of the Intermediate Points or the Points Beyond may be omitted on all or any services provided that all services originate or terminate in Finland. Points in Canada may be served separately or in combination.

6. The following limitations shall apply only until the end of the 1999/2000 IATA Winter season:

Points in Canada shall be limited to Toronto;

Intermediate Points shall be limited to London, U.K. and two points to be named by Finland. These points may be named and changed before each IATA season or on 30 days notice to the aeronautical authorities of Canada;

There shall be no Points Beyond; and

Notwithstanding Note 3 above, the frequency of service in both directions to and from Toronto via London shall be limited to 14 flights per week and the frequency of service in both directions to and from Toronto via the other two points to be named, shall be 7 flights per week each.

CANADA(1)

Points of Origin	Intermediate Points (2)(3)(4)(5)	Points in Finland	Points Beyond(2)(3)(4)(5)
Canada	Points in Europe to be named by Canada	Helsinki(6)	Points to be named by Canada

(1) Full traffic rights shall be available at any or all points along the route.

(2) Any point or points may, at the option of the designated airline or airlines, be omitted on any or all flights provided that all services originate or terminate in Canada.

(3) The intermediate and beyond points to be named by Canada may be changed upon sixty (60) days' notice to the aeronautical authorities of Finland.

(4) The intermediate and beyond points to be named by Canada shall be chosen from points in Europe, the U.S.S.R. and the Middle East.

(5) Points beyond may be served as intermediate points. The total number of intermediate and beyond points to be named by Canada shall not exceed four (4) at any one time. Not more than two (2) points shall be served as beyond points at any one time.

(6) Service to Helsinki shall be at times of the day and at a terminal building acceptable to the management of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport.

Code share services only

Code sharing services may be provided on the following route in either or both directions by the airline or airlines designated by the Government of Canada:

Points in Canada	Intermediate Points	Points in Finland	Points Beyond
Any point or points	Any point or points	Any point or points	Any point or points

1. Subject to the regulatory requirements normally applied by the aeronautical authorities of Finland, the designated airline or airlines of Canada shall have the right to enter into cooperative arrangements for the purpose of operating agreed services by code sharing, that is, selling transportation under its/their own code on flights operated by the designated airline or airlines of Finland and/or flights operated by any third country airline or airlines. Such operations on agreed services may include the selling of transportation on domestic flights in Finland operated by any designated airline or airlines of Finland. All airlines involved in codesharing arrangements shall hold the appropriate underlying authority.

2. Notwithstanding Article III of the Agreement, the designated airline or airlines of Canada shall be permitted to transfer traffic between aircraft involved in code sharing operations, without restriction as to number, size and type of aircraft.

3. Notwithstanding Article XI, paragraph 5 of the Agreement, there shall be no limitation on capacity, i.e., frequency and type of aircraft, offered on code share services by the airline or airlines designated by the Government of Canada.

4. Fifth freedom rights shall not be exercised by a designated airline on flights on which that airline operates a code share service. Intransit rights shall be available at Intermediate Points and at Points in Finland. Own stopover rights shall be available at Intermediate Points.

5. Any of the Intermediate Points or the Points Beyond may be omitted on all or any services provided that all services originate or terminate in Canada. Points in Finland may be served separately or in combination.

6. The following limitations shall apply only until the end of the 1999/2000 IATA Winter season:

Points in Finland shall be limited to Helsinki;

Intermediate Points shall be limited to London, U.K., Frankfurt, Germany and Copenhagen, Denmark.

There shall be no Points Beyond; and

Notwithstanding Note 3 above, the frequency of service in both directions to and from Helsinki via London shall be limited to 14 flights per week and the frequency of service in both directions to and from Helsinki via Frankfurt and Copenhagen, shall be 7 flights per week each.

5. Routes Operated in 2004

Carrier/Route	2004
	1st Quarter		3rd Quarter
	Flights per week	Aircraft Type	Flights per week	Aircraft Type
AIR CANADA
Canada1-Munich-Helskinki v.v.*	7	733/735/319/320/321	7	735
Canada2-Frankfurt-Helsinki v.v.*	14	733/735/319/320/321	14	752
Canada3-Intermediate Point4-Copenhagen-Helsinki v.v.*	7	M80/DH4	7	M80
FINNAIR
Helsinki-Toronto v.v.*	-	-	3	757-200

* Munich-Helsinki and Frankfurt-Helsinki operated on a code-share basis with Lufthansa.

** Intermediate Point-Copenhagen-Helsinki operated on a code-share basis with SAS.

¹ Montreal and Toronto.

² Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto and Montreal. Service from Vancouver operated on a code-share basis with Lufthansa.

³ St. John's, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary and Vancouver.

⁴ Intermediate point depended upon Canadian city of origin or destination.